Dementia paralytica, also known as general paralysis of the insane, is a rare neurological disorder caused by syphilis infection. The condition was prevalent in the early 1900s when syphilis was rampant. Some synonyms for dementia paralytica include general paresis, syphilitic insanity, and neurosyphilis. The disease affects brain function and causes symptoms such as confusion, delusions, memory loss, and impaired judgment. Although the use of antibiotics effectively treats syphilis infection, in cases of dementia paralytica, the damage to the brain caused by the infection is irreversible. The affected individual may require long-term care, and the condition can be life-threatening if left untreated.